Interactive model
Your Keystrike ROI estimate
Adjust the inputs to match the organisation. All base figures are sourced from IBM, Verizon, CrowdStrike, and EU regulatory frameworks.
Organization profile
Annual revenue (€M)
Number of privileged users
Industry sector
Current security maturity
Estimated annual breach probability (%)
Regulatory frameworks in scope
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Expected annual breach cost avoided
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Regulatory fine exposure mitigated
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Operational savings (audit + SOC time)
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Total annual risk value protected
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Estimated ROI multiple vs Keystrike cost
Value breakdown
Methodology: Breach cost = IBM 2024 global average ($4.88M) × sector multiplier × maturity factor × annual breach probability.
Fine exposure = 2% of revenue (DORA/NIS2 baseline) × regulatory scope multiplier.
Operational savings = 21 hrs/month saved × privileged users × €90/hr blended rate × 12 months.
ROI assumes indicative Keystrike annual cost of ~€100K — contact Keystrike for an accurate quote.
Sources: IBM Cost of a Data Breach 2024 · Verizon DBIR 2024 · DORA Reg. (EU) 2022/2554 Art. 45 · NIS2 Dir. 2022/0383 Art. 34 · Keystrike internal data.
Financial impact evidence
The cost of a breach — by the numbers
All figures from published third-party research. Keystrike directly addresses the credential and session-hijacking attack vector behind the majority of these costs.
IBM Cost of a Breach 2024
$4.88M
Global average total breach cost — up 10% from 2023, the highest on record.
IBM Security Report →IBM Cost of a Breach 2024
$6.08M
Average breach cost in financial services — 24% above global average.
IBM Security Report →IBM Cost of a Breach 2024
$9.77M
Average breach cost in healthcare — highest of any sector for the 14th consecutive year.
IBM Security Report →Verizon DBIR 2024
42%
Of breaches involve authentication bypass — the primary vector Keystrike eliminates.
Verizon DBIR →CrowdStrike GTR 2026
82%
Of intrusions are malware-free — using valid credentials and tools EDR cannot flag.
CrowdStrike GTR →IBM / Palo Alto Unit 42
207 days
Average attacker dwell time in critical infrastructure before detection.
Unit 42 →Palo Alto Unit 42, 2025
75%
Of incidents had evidence in logs — not connected or acted on in time.
Unit 42 →CrowdStrike GTR 2026
29 min
Average attacker breakout time. Reactive detection is structurally too slow.
CrowdStrike GTR →IBM Cost of a Breach 2024
$2.22M
Average saving for organisations with high automation in security — comparable to Keystrike's deterministic prevention.
IBM Security Report →Average breach cost by industry (USD millions) — IBM 2024
What this means: Keystrike addresses authentication bypass and credential-based intrusion — the attack vector behind 42% of all breaches (Verizon) and 82% of all intrusions (CrowdStrike). A single averted breach in financial services ($6.08M average) represents a multi-year return on Keystrike investment for most enterprise customers.
IBM Cost of a Data Breach Report 2024 · Verizon DBIR 2024 · CrowdStrike Global Threat Report 2026 · Palo Alto Networks Unit 42 IR Report 2025.
Regulatory exposure
Compliance fines Keystrike helps mitigate
Keystrike's PROVE pillar provides a tamper-evident audit trail structured for every major framework — compliance evidence, not just a security control.
DORA max fine
2%
of global annual turnover (or €10M minimum) · EU Reg. 2022/2554
NIS2 max fine (critical)
€10M
or 2% global turnover, whichever higher · EU Dir. 2022/0383
PCI DSS non-compliance
$100K/mo
per month plus card scheme fines and potential suspension
HIPAA max annual penalty
$1.9M
per violation category per calendar year · HHS/OCR
| Framework | Relevant requirement | How Keystrike satisfies it | Max penalty |
|---|---|---|---|
| DORA | ICT risk management, privileged access controls, audit trails for critical systems (Art. 9, 10, 17) | Tamper-evident session logs; live access map fulfils ICT asset inventory; cryptographic attestation demonstrates active controls | 2% global turnover / €10M |
| NIS2 | Access control policies, MFA, continuous monitoring for operators of essential services (Art. 21) | SEE: continuous monitoring; CONTROL: real-time enforcement; PROVE: NIS2-structured evidence generated automatically | 2% global turnover / €10M |
| IEC 62443 | Remote access security, user authentication, security zones for OT environments | Verifies every command in OT sessions; surfaces unmanaged vendor tools; provides remote access inventory for NERC CIP and TSA | Regulatory shutdown risk |
| PCI DSS v4 | Req. 8: Strong authentication for all CDE access; Req. 10: audit logs of all access | Continuous physical-presence verification satisfies Req. 8; tamper-evident logs satisfy Req. 10 for every privileged session | $5K–$100K/month + suspension |
| SOX | §302/§404: Internal controls over financial reporting; audit trail for financial systems | Proves every command on financial systems came from the authorised human — strengthening SOX 404 evidence beyond PAM alone | $1M–$5M + criminal liability |
| HIPAA | Access control and audit controls §164.312(a)(1) and (b); PHI access management | No PII collection — privacy-by-design. Session audit trail satisfies §164.312(b) without keylogging | $100–$1.9M per category/yr |
| SOC 2 | CC6.1 logical access, CC6.3 access removal, CC7.2 monitoring | Live access map satisfies CC6.1/CC6.3; continuous session logs support CC7.2; structured evidence reduces audit prep burden | Loss of certification + churn |
One platform, all frameworks simultaneously. The same tamper-evident session log that satisfies DORA simultaneously satisfies NIS2, PCI DSS, SOX, and SOC 2 — collapsing the audit preparation cycle and eliminating the cost of maintaining multiple compliance tools.
DORA: EU 2022/2554 Art. 45 · NIS2: EU 2022/0383 Art. 34 · IEC 62443-2-1:2010 / 3-3:2013 · PCI DSS v4.0 Req. 8 & 10 · SOX §302/§404 · HIPAA 45 CFR §164.312 · AICPA SOC 2 TSC 2017.
Security effectiveness
Why the post-auth gap is the right place to invest
Keystrike addresses the attack pattern behind the majority of high-impact breaches. These metrics show why earlier-in-the-kill-chain controls have diminishing returns.
Verizon DBIR 2024
42%
of breaches use authentication bypass — the gap Keystrike closes
CrowdStrike GTR 2026
82%
of intrusions are malware-free — invisible to EDR and AV
Palo Alto Unit 42, 2025
75%
of incidents had evidence in logs — not acted on in time
Critical infrastructure
207 days
average attacker dwell time before detection
The security stack gap — what each layer misses and what Keystrike adds
| Tool layer | What it does well | What it cannot do | Keystrike fills the gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| IAM / MFA | Verifies identity at login; issues session tokens | Blind once the session starts — cannot verify the authenticated user remains in control | Cryptographic attestation of physical human input throughout the entire session |
| PAM | Controls credential checkout; enforces least-privilege policies | Cannot verify commands were typed by the authorised human vs. a script or hijacker | Verifies physical human input for every command in the PAM-managed session |
| EDR / XDR | Detects malicious files and known-bad endpoint behaviours | Cannot flag legitimate admin tools (PowerShell, RDP, WMI) used maliciously — 82% of attacks are invisible | Deterministic enforcement: blocks unverified commands regardless of whether the tool is "legitimate" |
| SIEM | Correlates events; detects anomalies; retains logs for forensics | Reactive by design — 75% of incidents had evidence in logs not actioned in time | Real-time blocking + live access map feeds high-fidelity cryptographic events to SIEM |
| ZTNA | Controls network access based on identity and device posture | Cannot govern what happens inside the trusted zone it grants entry to | Extends zero trust from the network boundary all the way to individual command level |
"In critical infrastructure, protection across all layers of cyber defence is non-negotiable. Keystrike verifies that the person behind a remote connection is genuinely the human authorised to be there — inserting an additional control between multi-factor authentication and the first keystroke."
— CISO, Power Grid in EuropeKeystrike's unique position: Every other detection tool gives a probability score. Keystrike gives a cryptographic fact. Deterministic enforcement, not probabilistic detection — zero false positives by mathematical design. Deploys in ~20 minutes, no rip-and-replace. Active in 34 countries across energy, finance, telecom, and critical infrastructure.
Verizon DBIR 2024 · CrowdStrike GTR 2026 · Palo Alto Unit 42 IR 2025 · IBM Cost of a Data Breach 2024 · Keystrike deployment data (34 countries) · Patent-pending technology based on Emory University research.